ABSTRACT

In all our considerations, we will assume that all planes of symmetry are vertical, unless otherwise stated; hence, we may denote reflection planes by the symbol v instead of l.

Classification of symmetry groups is usually based on the types of symmetry elements making them up. For example, groups denoted by Cn and Cnv all possess a single n-fold axis of rotational symmetry; they are of orders n and 2n, respectively, the order of a group being simply the total

number of elements comprising it. Thus, each of these groups possesses n rotation elements (one of which is actually the identity element e), with the Cnv family having an additional n reflection elements.