ABSTRACT
Sugars, or saccharides, come under the more general name of carbohydrate. As the word carbohydrate suggests, they are hydrated carbon, or carbon with water added to it. The most commonly known sugar is the monosaccharide glucose. The aldehyde of glycerol is glyceraldehyde. Sugar molecules of 5 or 6 carbons are quite flexible, and this flexibility brings the aldehyde group in close proximity to other hydroxyl groups on the same molecule. There is another group of sugars called ketoses because they have a ketone in their structure, rather than an aldehyde. Some of the important sugars are modified by the substitution of other groups in their structure. One such group of sugars has an amine substituting for an hydroxyl group. The two most common amine substituted sugars of this type are galactose and glucose.
