ABSTRACT
Modern ports use efficient and interactive software that provide real-time operational organizing for all the port and terminal activities, including berthing, port operational schedule, allocation, and utilization of resources including loading/unloading equipment. The rapid evolution of globalization has brought about changes to the administrative role of ports within their national boundaries, their strategic role within the supply chain, and last but not least their operational role in terms of cargo handling. Their navigational channel operations are in synchronicity with the superstructure and infrastructure that will enable the commodities to be effectively handled and transported in an intermodal or multimodal manner. There are four principal stages pertaining to the ships’ stay at port, from the time of arrival at the port entrance, until the time of its departure. They are: stage 1-ports’ off-port-limits operations; stage 2-port operations and berthing management; stage 3-Ship operations at the berth/terminal, and stage 4-port and terminal operators’ logistics networks.
