ABSTRACT
Static electric fields can arise from a variety of physical and electrical causes that include the presence of bound or mobile surface charges on conductors or insulators. DC voltage measurements can be made over an enormous range: from nanovolts to thousands of kilovolts. DC nanovolt measurements are confounded by factors that are normally neglected in high-level measurements. The capacitor or electrostatic voltmeter is an unusual type of electromechanical voltmeter that is best suited for DC or line frequency AC, high-voltage measurements. Most electromechanical AC voltmeters are designed to work at powerline or low audio frequencies and at voltages ranging from about 1 volt to tens of kilovolts. The Faraday magneto-optic effect has been used in several designs for the measurement of high currents in power distribution systems. The chapter examines the various means of measuring resistance, capacitance, and inductance.
