ABSTRACT

I. Wealth, says Aristotle, cannot be the chief end of man, for wealth is a collection of means to an end, 2 the end being the satisfaction of human desires. The principle of teleology is drawn from the obvious facts of human experience ;-all human action and enterprise involve the pursuit of ends, 3 and some of the ends are subordinate to others, while all are subordinate to one chief end, which ethical and political philosophy must define and explain. His philosophy defines it as the realizing of the faculties that are distinctively human ; and it is impossible (he allows) to realize these faculties without a sufficiency of outward goods and of leisure. A man must have the average worldly wealth of the average citizen before he can hope to attain to the highest good. "It is hard to be good without an income,"4 or to be happy without maturity of manhood, health, and freedom from pain, or without friends. 5

end of business leisure, the end of things necessary and useful is things fair and noble. A legislator must always keep this subordination in mind." The bearing of these principles on the question of the necessary education of a citizen is pointed out by Aristotle himself in the 8th book of the Politics; education must include the ancestral " music" or Art, for other elements, such as reading and writing and gymnastic, concern either the lower faculties or the lower aims of life.