ABSTRACT
In Chapter 3, the term ‘hate speech’ was examined and it was concluded that (religious) hate speech can attract the protection of article 10 ECHR and that legal prohibitions of such speech must satisfy the justification test in article 10(2), whatever definition of hate speech one uses. Therefore, it was submitted that the lack of consensus that exists about the meaning of the term did not present a problem for the question that is the focus of this book: when restrictions on hate speech can be justified and when they cannot.
