ABSTRACT
The Second World War ended in 1945, but the suffering was far from over. In Israel, Salvador Minuchin (1921) began his career treating wounded Jewish soldiers and displaced children, survivors and orphans of the Holocaust. In New York, he worked with urban slum families, and in the process established the practice of structural family therapy. In Montreal, John Sigal (1927–2012) and fellow therapists explored the role of parental preoccupation in the transmission of trauma to offspring. Inspired by Sigal, Marie-Anik Gagné examined the role of dependency theory in the persistent effects of trauma among the James Bay Cree.
