ABSTRACT
One of the pillars of solid assessment skills is a solid grasp of concepts in the area of statistics, probability, and research design. This chapter provides readers with a review of basic concepts in measurement, including reliability, validity, frequency distributions, and the nature of standardized assessment. There is emphasis on the conceptual aspects of sampling theory, normal distributions, and the notion of continua when assessing human characteristics. By the end of the chapter, they should have a clear understanding of why particular language is traditionally used when describing the meaning of a test score, and also a clear understanding of how to accurately explain test findings to consumers and their family members to optimally enhance their counseling process and outcome.
