ABSTRACT

With industrialization came urbanization. And with urbanization came the street trades. And into the street trades came the children. Children provided services driving delivery wagons, working as bootblacks, messengers, and organ grinders. They sold all manner of goods such as flowers, fruit, candy bars, and, most commonly, newspapers. They seemed to be everywhere. Every busy comer of every substantial city offered a sales outlet to some enterprising child. At strategic locations where foot traffic was especially heavy, such as at train stations, a clutter of children chased after potential customers or hawked their wares from an array of booths and stands.