ABSTRACT
Most formidable of the popular mass political movements rising to the support of the Austrian idea was Christian Socialism. This popular political synthesis advocating socialism with God--in contrast to Marxist socialism's atheism-also stood, somewhat paradoxically, for a traditional Austrian state supported by the twin pillars of throne and altar. Its driving force derived from a number of currents: monarchist, Catholic pietist, and German racist traditionalist, to name the most important. Its intellectual underpinnings involved a plethora of disparate German Austrians, Habsburg loyalists all, such as Baron Karl Vogelsang and Prince Alois (von and zu) Liechtenstein, Catholic priests such as the Bohemian Ambros Opitz, and grassroots politicians such as Ignaz Mandl and Karl Luegar.
