ABSTRACT
Nomenclature Hitherto, the Afusare have been termed “ Hill Jarawa ” in the published
literature. The term Jarawa-like Chawai-is of uncertain origin and meaning. According to the account given by a Councillor, Bauchi Emirate, the Emir Yakubu, who was given a flag by the Sultan of Sokoto at the time of the Jihad (c. 1800), and who founded the Moslem dynasty of Bauchi, gave the name first to a group of pagans centring about a line from Bununu in Lere to Kanam, who joined his armies and remained faithful through the revolts that established the pagan state of Dass: the name is said to have meant “ faithful,” in the political, not the religious, sense; but if in Hausa the root must have passed from the language.1 When the Emir's power spread westward to Toro, the term was then extended to quite unrelated, though for the most part similarly co-operative, pagans of the hills dependentapparently-on the village of Zangam (now generally called Jarawan Kogi): the confusion produced by this trick of nomenclature has not been entirely relieved by the expedient of dividing the Jarawa, as seems to have been done quite early, into “ Jarawan Dutse ” and “ Jarawan Kasa,” Hill and Plain Jarawa; for the hill-state of Dass was founded by a small band of Plain Jarawa, and there are clear signs that Hill Jarawa have tended to infiltrate into Plain Jarawa territory in Lere District (as at Boto).
