ABSTRACT
Bone is a calcified connective tissue that supports and protects the soft tissues of the body; provides attachment sites for muscles; produces blood cells; and stores calcium, nutrients, and lipids. Bone tissue is composed of an inorganic component that gives bone its rigidity and an organic component that provides flexibility. The inorganic constituent
Shoulder girdle: Clavicle and scapula 100 Clavicle 100 Scapula 100
Upper limb: Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges 101 Humerus 101 Radius 101 Ulna 101 Carpals 102 Metacarpals 103 Phalanges 103
Pelvic girdle 103 Os coxae (innominates) 103
Lower limb: Femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges 104 Femur 104 Patella 104 Tibia 105 Fibula 105 Tarsals 105 Metatarsals 107 Phalanges 107
Summary 108 Review questions 108 Glossary 108 References 109 Supplementary reading and reference materials 109
of bone is a carbonated hydroxyapatite crystalline matrix (Ca10[PO4]6[OH]2), and the organic component is primarily Type I collagen. Bone is laid down, maintained, and remodeled throughout life by several different types of bone maintenance cells. These cells include osteoprogenitor cells (which eventually give rise to osteoblasts), osteoclasts, osteocytes, and bone-lining cells.
