ABSTRACT
There are different methods of integration that can be achieved. They can range from contractual agreements and partnerships to employment models, as noted in Figure 2.1. Traditionally, we have had a voluntary model in which hospitals and physicians willingly agree to work together in a symbiotic relationship. Some of these loose integration strategies include medical directorships, call coverage agreements, small IPAs (independent practice associations), and MSOs (medical service organizations). This is what could be called level 1 integration.
