ABSTRACT

The structure of biopolymers has been a subject of investigation ever since they were discovered. So far, the most accurate methods for structure determination have been X-ray diffraction techniques. Several studies aimed at isolating and identifying the biopolymers producing organisms from marine sources that can be effectively utilized for the synthesis of biopolymers. Chitosan is a natural nontoxic biopolymer produced by the deacetylation of chitin, a major component of the shells of crustaceans such as crab, shrimp, and crawfish. Marine biopolymers have so many medical applications, for example, chitosan, a biopolymer of glucosamine derived from chitin used for tissue engineering applications: tissue and organ loss or damage is a major human health problem. Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder, with more than 150 million people suffering worldwide. Literature surveys indicate more than 400 plant species have antidiabetic activity, and most of the natural products used for diabetes treatments have been isolated from plants.