ABSTRACT
The epidemiological environment is thereby also affected by the emergence or reemergence of new infectious diseases affecting humans, their crops, their pets and wildlife. Climate change, biodiversity erosion, land use changes and increased use of natural resources are thus considered as ecosystem degradation factors. A new understanding of the notion of "biodiversity" appeared with the concept of "ecosystem services," which emerged from the "ecosystem approach," as defined by the Convention on Biological Diversity: The ecosystem approach is a strategy for integrated management of land, water and natural resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way. The ecology of evolution shows us that no "free" biological organisms can escape parasitism, as parasites are levers for evolution. The literature on ecosystem services is considerable, and rapidly evolving. Nevertheless, studies specifically devoted to disease control and regulation services are rare and remain mostly in the form of conceptual papers.
