Air Pollutants in the Outdoor Environment (NO x , SO2, VOCs, HAPs [CO, O3])

The main anthropogenic sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to aquatic environments are the effluents of urban and industrial activities, including wastewater, atmospheric deposition, urban and rural runoff, transport and/or transformation of fossil fuels, and natural sources. Soil is a complex and heterogeneous matrix with a porous structure that contains both inorganic and natural organic components. Monoterpenes are an abundant family of organic compounds, a-pinene being responsible for half of the emissions of this group, mainly released by conifers. Rainfall characteristics were analyzed by Mahbub et al. from the development of a prediction framework for semivolatile organic compounds and nonvolatile organic compounds under the dynamic influence of climate change. VOCs emitted from biological samples were collected in the headspace of glass containers, and extraction was done using solid phase microextraction techniques. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons are a group of lipophilic anthropogenic chemicals that are ubiquitously distributed in the environment.