ABSTRACT
We start by first reviewing the principles that govern incompressible fluid flow in ducts and pipes. This is followed by a description of methods and relevant data to determine pressure losses in straight pipes and ducts, and due to fittings to be found in piping and ducting networks. We then address prime movers that include pumps and fans along with pertinent equations and graphical ways of representing their performance. Fan laws and pump affinity laws are a set of relations that predict the effect on fan or pump performance (pressure and power) when such quantities as temperature and pressure of fluid, operating speed, and fan or pump size area change; these concepts are presented. Next, we discuss issues to be considered when integrating prime movers into complete piping or ducting networks. We then describe different ways of fan control to vary airflow, namely, by dampers (used at each zone), inlet guide vanes (mounted on fans), and variable speed motors. Issues in duct design are discussed, and various methods of sizing ducts are presented with illustrative examples. Finally, we describe different ways by which fluid flow can be measured.
