ABSTRACT
A valuable and significant efforts have been carried out for synthesizing the graphene, its derivatives and related nanomaterials due to their many unique and advantageous characteristics properties. Derivatives of graphene, i.e. graphyne, have been synthesised using dehydrobenzo annulene, while graphdiyne was synthesised via cross-coupling reaction using hexaethynyl benzene on copper substrates. A band gap in graphene is possibly opened through either electrical field gating or the perturbations from underlying substrates, which has attracted a lot of studies and investigations. Incorporation of foreign atoms or substitutional doping into the carbon lattice is a straightforward way, which can regulate the electronic structure of graphene. Alkaline and transition metal substitutional impurities have also received particular attention due to their abilities to inject charge into the electron system of graphene. Molecular doping of graphene via charge transfer between graphene and electron-donating or electron-withdrawing molecules also gives rise to significant changes in the electronic structures of graphene.
