ABSTRACT
Nanofabrications have been largely used in various applications such as photovoltaics, sensors, catalysts, integrated circuits, electronics, micro-optics, and countless others. The methodology of nanofabrication can be generally divided into two types of processes: top-down and bottom-up. Local electrochemical deposition of freestanding vertically grown platinum nanowires was demonstrated with a similar approach, electrochemical fountain pen nanofabrication. Electrochemical deposition onto self-assembled monolayers gives new insights into nanofabrication. Molecular templates such as modified cyclodextrin have been used for electrochemical nanofabrication. Focused ion beam milling thus represents a simple and convenient method for fabrication of prototype nanopore electrode arrays. These electrode nano-arrays can be used in electrochemical nanofabrication for applications in sensing and fundamental electrochemical studies. Electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) is the combination of underpotential deposition and ALE. Electrochemical methods can synthesize size-monodisperse quantum dots on graphite surfaces, which provide an electrical connection to the graphite in situ.
