ABSTRACT
Abstract ................................................................................................... 62 3.1 General Principles .......................................................................... 62 3.2 Biofilms ......................................................................................... 64 3.3 Cyanobacteria, Bacteria, Microalgae ............................................. 70 3.4 Fungi .............................................................................................. 78 3.5 Lichens ........................................................................................... 84 3.6 Bioprotection of Stones by Biofilms and Lichens ......................... 92 3.7 Mosses and Vascular Plants ........................................................... 96 3.8 Birds ............................................................................................. 101 Keywords .............................................................................................. 102
ABSTRACT
The chapter focuses on the biological alteration of stone objects and refers to the agents of biodeterioration. It outlines the various organisms able to develop on stones and their effect in terms of degradation, including a discussion on an important topic, the bioprotection of stones by biofilms and lichens.
