ABSTRACT
Chemical reactions within the body are responsible for storing, releasing, absorbing and transferring the energy humans need to move, breathe and pump blood etc. All life processes require an energy supply, which originally comes from the electromagnetic energy of visible light, emitted by the sun and absorbed by pigments of photosynthetic units. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supplies energy to the heart and skeletal muscles as well as to membrane potentials and flagella. Chloroplasts are double membraned ATP-producing organelles found only in plants. Osmosis between roots and groundwater is thought to be responsible for the transfer of water into many plants. Biological membranes are highly complex, dynamic structures that regulate the flow of compounds into the cell. Microtubules (MT's) are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cell biology. Their primary role is to serve as the cellular scaffold and to serve as a corridor for the transport of vesicles through the cell by motor proteins.
