ABSTRACT
In the United States, water and wastewater conveyance systems are quite extensive. Consider, for example, wastewater conveyance. In the year 2000, the United States operated 21,264 collection and conveyance systems that included both sanitary and combined sewer systems. Publicly owned sewer systems in the country account for 724,000 miles of sewer pipe, and privately owned sewer pipe represents an additional 500,000 miles. Most of our nation’s conveyance systems are beginning to show signs of aging, with some systems dating back more than 100 years (USEPA, 2006).
