ABSTRACT
Photonic crystals are structures with the nanoresolution and periodic modulation of the refractive index having a photonic bandgap. Bandgaps determine the range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation that cannot exist in the structure. Recently optimization techniques have been developed for the structure of photonic crystal fibres in order to reduce the divergence of radiation at the exit of the optical waveguide. For conventional light fibres this is achieved by structuring the output end of the fibre. Modern technologies allow to create optical micro- and nano-objects with the dimensions comparable to the wavelength of light. Therefore, the question arises of computer simulation of light diffraction on such objects. With the development of the production technology of photonic crystals it is possible to create photonic crystal lenses. Photonic crystal fibres are a relatively new class of optical fibres, using the properties of photonic crystals.
