ABSTRACT
The compositional adjustments are used in the design of different refractories and they are manufactured to optimize the properties that are appropriate for their applications in particular environments. Understanding the properties of refractory materials is important for gaining knowledge on the subject that will aid in the selection of refractories for a particular application and the development, improvement, and quality control of the refractories. Properties that are easily measurable, whose values represent the state of a physical system, and the measurement processes do not change the identity of the material are called physical properties. The main difference in manufacturing a metal or glass product and a ceramic product is their processing techniques. The specific gravity is the ratio between the ideal density of an object and that of a reference substance at the same test conditions. The mechanical properties of a refractory material determine how it will react to the mechanical forces that are present in its application area.
