ABSTRACT
A rigorous theory associated with the ion exchange process is absent. The authors recommend Helfferich’s Ion Exchange (1962) and Weber’s Physicochemical Processes for Water Quality Control (1972) to provide a strong theoretical background. The major manufacturers have developed models to predict performance. Readers are directed to Dow Water & Process Solutions’ Computer Assisted Design for Ion Exchange (CADIX), an ion exchange software program developed to aid in the design of softener and demineralization systems. Purolite Pure DesignTM ion exchange simulator program is aimed at the engineer to aid in the design of water-related exchange systems for boron removal, softening, and dealkalization. Programs are also offered by Lenntech and LanXess. This chapter provides the basic knowledge of the fundamental concepts to better enable the engineer to use the programs.
