ABSTRACT
This chapter is devoted to the new control devices that have arisen in power systems and in particular, in island power systems. These new control devices are mainly related to the increased needs for energy storage due to the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) in power systems (Lee et al. 2012). Apart from well-known pumped storage units, different energy storage systems (ESS) have been developed in recent years based on compressed air (compressed air energy storage [CAES], ultracapacitors [UCs], batteries [battery energy storage systems (BESS)], and flywheels [flywheel energy storage systems (FESS)]) (Carpinelli et al. 2013). The current main use of ESS is to smooth the generation pattern from RES, but other applications related to frequency control and voltage control are being broadly proposed. Many characteristics, such as power rating, energy capacity, lifetime, or number of charge/discharge cycles, determine system costs and thus which ESS to use in a certain application (Poonpun and Jewell 2008).
