ABSTRACT

Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 136 The Need to Connect .................................................................................................................. 137 Implementation Challenges ....................................................................................................... 138

Challenge 1: Limited Resources ........................................................................................... 138 Case Study: Victims of Forced Labor Face Challenge of Limited Resources ............ 138 Discussion on Limited Resources ................................................................................... 140

Challenge 2: Poor Infrastructure .......................................................................................... 140 Case Study: Nepalis Face Poor Infrastructure after 2015 Earthquakes ..................... 140 Discussion on Poor Infrastructure .................................................................................. 143

Challenge 3: Harsh Physical Environments ....................................................................... 144 Case Study: Lord’s Resistance Army-Affected Regions Face Harsh Physical Environments ..................................................................................................................... 144 Discussion of Harsh Environments ................................................................................ 145

Challenge 4: Unstable Sociopolitical Environment ........................................................... 146 Case Study: Afghans Face Unstable Sociopolitical Environments ............................. 146 Discussion of Unstable Sociopolitical Environment Factors ....................................... 147

Challenge 5: Other Sociocultural Differences .................................................................... 148 Case Study: One Earth Designs Faces Sociocultural Differences from Their Nomadic Community Users in the Himalayan Plateau .............................................. 148 Discussion of Other Sociocultural Differences .............................................................. 149

Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 149 Ethical Concerns .......................................................................................................................... 150

Concern 1: Poor Security and Safety ................................................................................... 151 Concern 2: Unintended or Negative Inuence .................................................................. 151 Concern 3: Bystander Responsibility ................................................................................... 152 Concern 4: Exploitation ......................................................................................................... 152 Concern 5: Poor Data Quality and Validation .................................................................... 153 Concern 6: Data Ownership and Access ............................................................................. 154 Concern 7: Privacy ................................................................................................................. 154

Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 155 Road Forward .............................................................................................................................. 157 Megacity Use Case ...................................................................................................................... 157

Limited Resources .................................................................................................................. 157

ABSTRACT Disconnected communities hold valuable information that can benet a range of sectors, from counterinsurgency to prot making. Despite a plethora of communication modalities at our ngertips, it remains difcult for the connected world to effectively and efciently communicate with these disconnected communities due to both the implementation challenges and the ethical concerns. This chapter introduces a framework for understanding the implementation challenges faced across sectors, domains, and geographies, and it offers examples of how different organizations have overcome these challenges. A framework around the potential ethical concerns is also introduced and discussed in brief.

KEY TOPICS