ABSTRACT
Semiconductor memory arrays capable of storing large digital information are essentially required in all digital systems. Random access memory (RAM) allows users to retrieve as well as modify data bits already stored in the memory array. Operating strategy classifies RAM into dynamic RAM (DRAM) and static RAM (SRAM). A DRAM cell consists of a capacitor for storage that requires periodic read and rewrite operations due to charge leakage through the capacitor. On the other hand, SRAM is realized as a bistable latch circuitry to store the data bits. SRAM is mainly used as the cache memory in microprocessors, workstations, routers, and mainframe computers due to its high speed and low power consumption. Besides this, they are frequently used as high speed registers, hard disk buffers, and microcontrollers (capacity of 32B-128KB).
