ABSTRACT

CONTENTS 27.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693 27.2 Situation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694 27.3 Electromagnetic Spectrum Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695 27.4 Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697 27.5 The “Shift” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697 27.6 Compliance and Chaos Models of Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698 27.7 From Electronic Warfare to Spectrum Warfare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 27.8 Training for Effective EMS Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 27.9 The Way Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701

27.1 Introduction The Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS) is a fundamental feature and a strategic resource for National defense, civil infrastructure, and international commerce. International presence in the world within commercial, policy, and security contexts will be challenged by state and non-state adversaries attempting to restrict freedom of access to and action within the EMS in the interests of inducing instability, disruption, asymmetric cost-imposing effects, and regional anti-access/area-denial stressors. In response, for example, the United States Defense policy and Joint military doctrine is now evolving to acknowledge the converging responsibilities of Electronic Warfare (EW) and Spectrum Management (SM) in order to form a future-proof solution [1-4], known as Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations (EMSO). This evolution will reduce process inefficiency and latency, consolidating expertise and capability in pursuit of vital EMS Control. Although it may appear as if things are

going well within current paradigms and operating models, or at least that all would be going well if only we spent more, they are not. National security challenges in the Spectrum are not incremental; they are structural, resulting from a decades-old, increasingly false sense of “elbow room” now exacerbated by increasing Spectrum complexity, density, demand, and contest. To procure enduring capabilities, organizations must transition from a “break glass” model of quick-reaction capability (QRC) expenditure to a stable architecturally-based investment strategy. In haste to provide so many perishable materiel solutions dependent upon spectrum, an “owner” has yet to be empowered to represent the enduring DOTMLPF-P problem set (Doctrine, Organization, Training, materiel, Leadership and education, Personnel, Facilities, and Policy), an actual opportunity space comprised of all radiated electromagnetic energy. There is no such thing as radiated digital energy or radiated “data” per se, only digital and informational modulation transported within narrow regions of radiated analog EM energy, which must be deliberately provided and protected. That energy is divided into individual electromagnetic operating environments (EMOE), which are shared and measurable operational maneuver spaces aligned with multi-national operating areas wherein commanders require reliable control to plan and achieve campaign objectives.