ABSTRACT
The identification of developmental neurotoxic effects of chemicals using a battery of human relevant high-throughput tests of modern toxicology is a priority. Metabolomics approaches are also increasingly being applied in toxicology. Advanced technologies allow people to use multi-omics techniques including genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and miRNomics as an integrated approach for a global assessment of biological changes. Locus coeruleus-multiple sclerosis-based Metabolomics have been commonly used for biomarker discovery in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response applications. For example, metabolic changes in biofluids from patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been observed. On the contrary, using induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with developmental disorders, such as ASD, makes it possible to study the molecular mechanisms of the disease, and test substance sensitivity of different genetic backgrounds. Developmental neurobiology and neurotoxicity are areas in desperate need of predictive human cell-based test models. The complexity of the central nervous system requires advanced culture techniques to approximate this in the laboratory set-up.
