ABSTRACT
Recent years have witnessed signicant innovation in algal biofuel production technologies and products on a global scale. While these innovations have potentially positive benets for the sustainable development of the biofuels sector, there are evident caveats. is chapter therefore initially outlines the main emergent algal biofuel production techniques, before examining the signicance of their environmental, social, and economic impacts. As our analysis shows, algal biofuels potentially provide alternatives to rst-generation biofuels in terms of overall sustainability, but questions still arise over their economic viability and environmental eects, most notably on biodiversity, land use, and water security. e implications for future sectoral expansion and its governance are then discussed.
