ABSTRACT
Primary and secondary wood mills are a good example of using waste products for heat and power. In some conversions, the secondary uses are animal feed, fertilizer, mulch, carbon dioxide for sodas and secondary recovery for oil fields, and heat and power. In general, secondary uses help the economics of bioenergy conversion. Vegetation contains a number of chemical compounds and for bioenergy the main components are lignocellulosics and lipids. After the use of the bioenergy, there is the rejected low-grade energy and waste products, primarily carbon dioxide, water, and solids. Bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration (BCCS) would result in a net reduction in atmospheric carbon. Some people estimate that the value of CCS will be equal to the value of the bioenergy produced. There are six processes considered in the bioenergy system for calculating or estimating greenhouse gas emissions: Land resource conversion, Biomass production, Transportation, Conversion, Distribution and End use.
