ABSTRACT
Green coffee bean extract (GCBE) contains chlorogenic acid derivatives including caffeoylquinic acids and feruloylquinic acids, and has been in focus as a weight loss ingredient. In mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), GCBE suppresses body weight gain and fat accumulation in a range of 0.3%–2.0% in an HFD. The antiobese mechanism of GCBE causes suppression of adipogenesis and proin-ammatory pathways in the adipocytes, and leads to an improvement of insulin responsiveness in the muscles. On the other hand, lipid metabolism is enhanced by GCBE in the liver. GCBE especially enhances the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT), which is a rate-limiting enzyme for β-oxidation. 3-Mono caffeoylquinic acid and feruloylquinic acids are active ingredients on activation of CPT. While the expression of enzymes synthesizing hepatic lipids is downregulated by monocaffeoylquinic acids and dicaffeoylquinic acids, those mechanisms in the liver and skeletal muscles are regulated by AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK). Regarding the clinical studies of GCBE, ve trials were performed in mildly obese subjects. The dosage of GCBE was in the range of 100-1000 mg/day and subjects consumed GCBE for 4-12 weeks. A systematic review of the studies showed more than 400 mg/day of GCBE (180 mg of chlorogenic acids equivalent) was required to reduce body weight gain and BMI. However, more well-designed trials performed on a larger scale will be required to conrm the antiobese effect of GCBE.
