ABSTRACT
Abstract: Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and procedures that decrease or remove the usage and production of dangerous substances. Nanomaterials can minimize the use of solvents, toxic chemicals, and energy so that they can play a signi- cant role in the green chemistry process. In this chapter, surface functionalization of non-toxic oxide materials
with biomolecules is investigated because the features of the surface have an enormous effect on the material properties and performance. Special emphasis has been on their use as drug delivery systems, adsorbents for toxic materials, UV-shielding coatings, and UV blockers in cosmetics, biosensors as well as manufacture of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). Currently, fabrication
24.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 382 24.1.1 Nano-Zinc Oxide ............................................................................................................................................. 382 24.1.2 Nano-Titania ..................................................................................................................................................... 382 24.1.3 Nano-Copper Oxide ......................................................................................................................................... 382
24.2 Surface Modication of Inorganic NPs ......................................................................................................................... 383 24.2.1 In Situ Surface Modication ............................................................................................................................ 383
24.2.1.1 Reverse Micelle Method .................................................................................................................. 383 24.2.1.2 Thermal Decomposition Method..................................................................................................... 383 24.2.1.3 Non-hydrolytic Sol-Gel Reaction ................................................................................................... 383 24.2.1.4 Polyol Method ................................................................................................................................. 383
24.2.2 Ex Situ Surface Modications .......................................................................................................................... 384 24.2.2.1 Chemical Treatments ....................................................................................................................... 384 24.2.2.2 Polymer Dispersant ......................................................................................................................... 384
24.3 Composites..................................................................................................................................................................... 384 24.3.1 Green Composites ............................................................................................................................................ 384
24.4 Surface Modication of ZnO NPs with Biomaterials and Their Applications ............................................................. 384 24.4.1 Surface Modication of ZnO NPs with Biopolymers ...................................................................................... 384 24.4.2 Surface Modication of ZnO NPs with Carbohydrates ................................................................................... 386 24.4.3 Surface Modication of ZnO NPs with Other Biocoupling Agents ................................................................ 387
24.5 Surface Modication of Titania NPs with Biomaterials and Their Applications ......................................................... 387 24.5.1 Surface Modication of Titania NPs with Biopolymers .................................................................................. 387 24.5.2 Surface Modication of Titania NPs with Carbohydrates ............................................................................... 387 24.5.3 Surface Modication of Titania NPs with Carboxylic Acids .......................................................................... 389
24.6 Surface Modication of CuO NPs with Biomaterials and Their Applications ............................................................. 391 24.6.1 Surface Modication of CuO NPs with Biopolymers...................................................................................... 391 24.6.2 Surface Modication of CuO NPs with Other Biocoupling Agents ................................................................ 392
24.7 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................................................... 393 Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................................................................... 393 References ................................................................................................................................................................................. 394
of high-efciency and low-cost PNCs is still a hot topic. In addition, the environmental friendly applications of PNCs based on green polymers are fascinating and endless.
