ABSTRACT
Abstract: Green chemistry focuses on the general practice across all elds and domains of chemistry for reducing the utilization and production of unsafe materials in synthetic processes, at both research and industrial levels. The need for manufacturing nanoparticles is to
minimize waste, while maximizing the efciency and yield of the process for high-performance applications. In this chapter, a broad overview of the role of processing conditions on the morphology, structure and properties of nanocomposites (NCs) containing amino acid
35.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 492 35.2 Structure and Properties of Amino Acids ..................................................................................................................... 492
35.2.1 Amino Acid Structure ...................................................................................................................................... 492 35.2.2 Amino Acid Stereochemistry .......................................................................................................................... 492 35.2.3 Zwitterionic Property of Amino Acids ............................................................................................................ 492
35.3 Structure and Preparation of Polymers .......................................................................................................................... 493 35.3.1 Polymerization Process .................................................................................................................................... 493 35.3.2 Amino Acids Containing Polymers ................................................................................................................. 493
35.4 Nanocomposites and Bionanocomposites ...................................................................................................................... 493 35.4.1 BNCs Containing Amino Acid ........................................................................................................................ 494
35.5 Preparation Strategy of BNCs Containing Amino Acid Linkages ................................................................................ 495 35.5.1 Fabricating of BNCs Containing Amino Acid Linkages in Polymer Matrix .................................................. 495
35.5.1.1 Poly(amide-imide)s Containing Amino Acid Linkages ............................................................... 495 35.5.1.2 Poly(ester-imides) Containing Amino Acid Linkage .................................................................... 497 35.5.1.3 Poly(amide-thioester-imides) Containing Amino Acid Linkage .................................................. 497 35.5.1.4 Poly(amide-ester-imides) Containing Amino Acid Linkage ........................................................ 498 35.5.1.5 Hybrid Polymer Matrices Containing Amino Acid ...................................................................... 498
35.5.2 BNCs Based on Grafted Filler with Amino-Acid-Based Coupling Agents .................................................... 498 35.5.2.1 Titanium Dioxide NPs ................................................................................................................... 498 35.5.2.2 Silver NPs ...................................................................................................................................... 499 35.5.2.3 Alumina NPs ................................................................................................................................. 500 35.5.2.4 Zinc Oxide NPs ............................................................................................................................. 500 35.5.2.5 Zirconium Dioxide NPs ................................................................................................................ 501 35.5.2.6 Silica NPs ...................................................................................................................................... 501 35.5.2.7 Gold NPs ....................................................................................................................................... 501 35.5.2.8 Iron Oxide NPs .............................................................................................................................. 501 35.5.2.9 Bismuth NPs .................................................................................................................................. 503 35.5.2.10 Calcium NPs .................................................................................................................................. 503
35.5.3 BNCs Including Carbon Nanotube and Amino Acid ...................................................................................... 504 35.5.4 BNCs Including Layered Double Hydroxide and Amino Acid ....................................................................... 504
35.6 Amino Acid as a Modier for Polymeric Composite Films .......................................................................................... 505 35.7 Biosensing Platform ....................................................................................................................................................... 507 35.8 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................................................... 507 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................................... 508 References ................................................................................................................................................................................. 508
linkages is given. The properties of these NCs, including thermal stability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical quality, electrical conductivity and ame retardancy, have been discussed in depth. This chapter concludes with a discussion on corresponding applications and the future outlook for the preparation of these green NCs. Hopefully, this chapter will provide unique information on important scientic issues that may be applied for manufacturing novel green NCs based on amino acids.
