ABSTRACT
A solar cell is a device that generates electric power (electric voltage and current) upon optical illumination. There has been a focus on solar cell technology for the last several decades due to the need for a renewable and sustainable energy source that has a negligible impact on the environment. Problems with traditional fossil fuel energy (global warming and high gas prices) have accelerated efforts to decrease dependence on this source. There are several renewable and alternative energy sources (e.g., solar, wind, and hydropower) that are greener than fossil fuel energy. Of them, solar energy is the most abundant and accessible energy source. The field of research and development for converting solar energy into electricity is known as photovoltaics.
