ABSTRACT

Brain growth and development are rapid in early life, especially in the rst 1000 days – a critical period when nutritional insults can exert long-lasting effects on health and function into childhood and adulthood. Deciencies of vitamins and minerals, referred to as micronutrients, during pregnancy, in infancy, and in preschool and even through the school years, may play a vital role singly or in interaction with the environment in inuencing central nervous system (CNS) growth and development, cognitive and motor function, and socio-emotional and behavioural development. Numerous pathways of how early nutrition factors can lead to neurocognitive development have

10.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................205 10.2 Effect of Maternal (Prenatal) Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation

on Child Development ..................................................................................208 10.3 Effects of Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation in Childhood on

Child Development ....................................................................................... 212 10.3.1 Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation during Early Postnatal

Life and Child Development ............................................................. 213 10.3.1.1 Supplement/Powder Interventions ..................................... 214 10.3.1.2 Fortied Food Interventions ..............................................220 10.3.1.3 Long-Term Follow-Up ........................................................220 10.3.1.4 Summary of Early Life Supplementation ..........................220