ABSTRACT
In this book we have presented some basic experimental designs and corresponding statistical methods of data analysis that are very effective for increasing knowledge about a phenomenon under study where: 1) factors can be deliberately manipulated; 2) responses of interest can be measured; and 3) knowledge must be gained by trial and error or experimentation, because there is no theory or known facts to rely upon. Statistical data analysis techniques lead to objective conclusions, and most of the methods we present in this book can be carried out with a simple spreadsheet program. In Chapter One we discussed some of the common pitfalls researchers often encounter when trying to draw conclusions from historical data, or by using classical approaches to experimentation. Throughout the rest of the book we present specific experimental plans, or designs, that can be used to avoid these pitfalls and increase the validity and objectivity of research.
