ABSTRACT
Diagnostic laparoscopy is safe and effective when used in pregnancy. Several studies have shown that pregnant patients may undergo laparoscopic surgery safely during any trimester without any appreciated increased risk to the mother or foetus. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome differs from sepsis in that sepsis is SIRS with a documented infection. Septic shock is sepsis with refractory arterial hypotension and/or need for inotropes despite adequate fluid resuscitation. The physiological changes occurring in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock are myriad and include changes that are clearly detrimental such as decreased contractility of the left and right ventricle, increased venous capacitance, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, and capillary leak. A damage control laparotomy (DCL) is a laparotomy performed usually for trauma where the primary aim is to control haemorrhage and limit sepsis in the first instance. The central nervous system degeneration, trauma, or neoplasms may affect the hypothalamic regulatory centre.
