ABSTRACT
Racial difference marked by different skin colouration is a more difficult issue because the visual impact of the difference makes an impression before one has had time to speak to another person, or to otherwise experience their company at a less superficial level. Poor countries showing signs of growth, such as India and Brazil, are well on their way to pulling themselves out of poverty, but there are a billion people living in impoverished countries showing no signs of economic growth. The conservative economic theory that dominates the profession is based on the core belief that as little as possible should interfere with businesses' pursuit of profit. This approach to economics ignores history, politics, poverty, the natural environment, and social class, among other inconvenient realities. The narrowing parochialism dictated by neoliberalism must be addressed as an ethical issue even more urgently than as an issue of efficiency or cost.
