ABSTRACT

Adequate bladder outlet resistance is essential in order to maintain urinary continence in women, particularly during periods of increased intra-abdominal pressure. The anatomy and function of the urethra is an important determinant of continence. The female urethra throughout its length has a complex luminal architecture, which serves a dual function as a conduit as well as a barrier protecting the underlying stroma from urinary irritants. The distance between the bladder neck and external urethral meatus determines the anatomic length of the urethra. The urethral mucosa contains many infoldings and is supported by loose elastic connective tissue, containing bundles of collagen fibers.