ABSTRACT
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopment disorder characterised by an inability to marshal and sustain attention, modulate activity levels and moderate impulsive actions. The finding of symptoms at school and at home is paramount in the diagnosis of ADHD therefore parental and school assessments are central to the establishment of the diagnosis. Rating scales that are specific to ADHD symptomatology are useful in assessing children with ADHD in conjunction to the history, physical examination and other reports. Few blood tests are required. However, if suspect a full blood count for anaemia, T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid antibodies for hypothyroidism, genetic assessment for fragile X syndrome. Methylphenidate is a central nervous stimulant that increases the amount of dopamine in the brain. Diet and the amplification of symptoms of ADHD, when assessed in research studies are frequently highlighted by the media. The impact of diet is often overstated and the implication is of a cause-and-effect phenomenon; however, this is untrue.
