ABSTRACT
Tantrums are a normal feature of development in the preschool years. Children with tantrums may need referral when: there are concerns about the underlying mental state of the child; family issues are thought to need detailed discussion; or appropriate behavioural management, with motivated parents, has failed to shift the behaviour. Several factors may contribute to a child’s excessive use of aggression as a coping strategy. Parents may demonstrate aggression in personal relationships in the home and with extended family: rows, harsh physical punishments, verbal threats or domestic violence. The assessment may suggest avenues for further assessment or referral, or give opportunities for practical advice. Parents need continuing encouragement to make behavioural techniques work. As conflict becomes more severe, parents have to decide at what level they will not tolerate abuse of younger siblings, whether physical or emotional.
