ABSTRACT
Personalized medicine's impact extends beyond cancer medicine into diseases, such as AIDS, type II diabetes, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, prenatal disease, and immune-related, psychiatry, and cardiovascular diseases. This chapter underscores the achievements in personalized medicine and pharmacogenetics for different categories of diseases. Many of the gains in personalized medicine have been in oncology. Oncology continues to be the leading playgroup for personalized medicine, with a new understanding into disease and new diagnostic technologies. Personalized medicine has made great inroads in cardiovascular disease in the area of pharmacogenomics, whereas genome-wide association studies (GWAS), in terms of prevention and clinical course, may have not revealed risk or susceptibilities. The impact of personalized medicine on type II diabetes has been underscored by limited GWAS that remain unable to predict diabetes mellitus type II (DM2) risk. GWAS have identified risk alleles for multiple sclerosis (MS).
