ABSTRACT
In repeated measures designs, there are several individuals (or units) and measurements are taken repeatedly on each individual. When these repeated measurements are taken over time, it is called a longitudinal study or, in some applications, a panel study. Typically various covariates concerning the individual are recorded and the interest centers on how the response depends on the covariates over time. Often it is reasonable to believe that the response of each individual has several components: a fixed effect, which is a function of the covariates; a random effect, which expresses the variation between individuals; and an error, which is due to measurement or unrecorded variables.
