ABSTRACT
The function of the foreskin is to protect the glans penis. However, on occasions it may become diseased. Phimosis is a clinical sign and not a diagnosis. It may be a normal finding in boys but usually signifies a specific disease in men. Men may experience a variety of other problems associated with the foreskin. A long foreskin is prone to cause symptoms of dribbling. Lichen sclerosus is also known by other names: lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO). There are a large number of symptoms that may be associated with lichen sclerosus. Men often present with symptoms of phimosis. Retracting the foreskin may be difficult due to scarring or adhesions. Many cases of lichen sclerosus can be diagnosed clinically. However, co-existing disease such as Zoon's balanitis or infective balanitis is not uncommon and this may complicate diagnosis. There are both medical and surgical treatments for lichen sclerosus. In most cases ultrapotent topical steroids will improve symptoms.
