ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the author examines the role in which substance use may play prenatally in the aetiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and how this can lead to problems with both attention and impulsivity. He deals with a therapeutic approach developed by the author which can help alleviate many of the symptoms of emotional dysregulation, which underlie the later development of ADHD. There are a high number of mothers who continue to expose their unborn infants to risk factors for ADHD. In utero exposure to smoking and alcohol are common risk factors that have been associated in human beings and animal models with ADHD. If comorbid with ADHD it is likely that stimulants will have an unpredictable response due to the brain abnormalities in Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. If features of ADHD are present, medication should be part of a comprehensive plan including parent management training and liaison with education.
