ABSTRACT
Haematuria can range from microscopic to macroscopic or even gross haematuria and does not necessarily correlate with the severity of injury. Conversely, the absence of haematuria does not exclude the possibility of significant genitourinary trauma. The management of haematuria in children is an area of controversy. All agree that children with gross haematuria should be investigated. However, the degree of microscopic haematuria that should be investigated has not been clearly defined in the literature. In the presence of any signs of shock, any degree of microscopic haematuria should be investigated. Historically, intravenous pyelogram has been the diagnostic study of choice. This has been replaced by Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis with intravenous contrast. Radiographic signs on CT suggestive of ongoing renal bleeding include an expanding or uncontained retroperitoneal haematoma or complete avulsion of the main renal artery or vein with extravasation.
