ABSTRACT
Infants or toddlers may present with irritability, unwillingness to play, crying while holding the head or vomiting. The most common cause of headache is an acute viral infection, migraine and tension headache. Children require sufficient sleep, although the amount required varies. Parasomnia is disruptive sleep-related disorders occurring during the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep such as sleepwalking, sleep terrors and confusional arousal. Tremor is a rhythmic, involuntary oscillation of part of the body, usually the hands, neck or head. It is classified as rest tremor and action tremor. Acute confusional state (ACS) is characterised by sudden alteration of the mental state leading to an inappropriate interaction with people and environment. Seizures are common in the paediatric population, occurring in 5 per cent –7 per cent of children. Brief unconsciousness occurs with vasovagal syncope seizures, breath-holding attacks, head injury and cardiac arrhythmia.
