ABSTRACT
External ear abnormalities:
1 Congenital anomalies.
2 Infected preauricular sinus.
3 Painful nodules on the upper margin of the pinna in men (chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helices).
4 Pinna haematoma (→ cauliflower ear).
5 Smooth, often multiple/bilateral swellings of the bony ear canals (exostosis) → build up of wax/debris → conductive deafness.
6 Wax (cerumen).
7 Foreign bodies in the ear.
